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- Name : Potassium
- Symbol : K
- Atomic # : 19
- Atom weight: 39.0983
- Melting P. : 63.25
- Boiling P. : 759.9
- Oxidation : -1
- Pronounced : pe-TASS-i-em
- From : English pot ash. Symbol from Latin kalium, "alkali"
- Identified : Sir Humphry Davy in 1807
- Appearance : Soft, waxy, silvery-white metal
- Note : Catches fire spontaneously upon contact with water
-
- [Properties]
-
- Pure potassium metal is so soft that many who have worked with it refer
- to it as a waxy substance. Few people have had such an opportunity,
- however, because potassium is highly unstable in the normal human
- environment. It reacts with the oxygen in dry air to produce the potassium
- superoxide. If there is any moisture in that air, or if the sample of
- potassium comes into direct contact with water, you get potassium hydroxide
- (KOH) and hydrogen gas. The reaction is exothermic; that is, it generates
- heat - enough heat in this case to ignite the hydrogen gas.
- Potassium belongs to Group IA on the periodic chart. With the notable
- exception of hydrogen (H), the elements in this group are all highly
- reactive metals that cannot exist in the elemental forms in nature. These
- metals are commonly called the alkali metals, due to the fact they all form
- such strong, caustic (alkaline) hydroxides. Household lye, for example, is
- made up of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of the two.
- Potassium and its salts impart a violet color to a flame test.
-